Journals →  Gornyi Zhurnal →  2016 →  #8 →  Back

MINING AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
ArticleName Groundwater of Kyrgyzstan: Issues of use and preservation
DOI 10.17580/gzh.2016.08.08
ArticleAuthor Orolbaeva L. E.
ArticleAuthorData

Academician Asanaliev Institute of Mining and Mining Technologies, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan:

L. E. Orolbaeva, Associate Professor, Candidate of Geological–Mineralogical Sciences, orolbaeval@mail.ru

Abstract

Considerable reserves of underground fresh water and mineral-thermal water are found in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Natural factors pre-determined the patterns of the formation of surface and underground flows, their interaction, and the specifics of groundwater distribution and hydrodynamics. The local hydrological and geological-and-hydrogeological conditions are specific. The major high quality fresh groundwater resources are concentrated in intermountain artesian basins. Each of the basins accommodates the entire range of processes of groundwater formation: recharge, flow, internal distribution and discharge. The main reserves of fresh groundwater occur close by friable fragmental alluvial proluvial deposits of the Quaternary age. The noteworthy area is the area of intensive loss of river flow to recharge groundwater, making up 50–75 % of the total river flow running from foothills to depressions, where the reserves of groundwater used for drinking water supply occur. Underground water distributed ubiquitously within intermountain basins is characterized by high quality. The deposits of fresh groundwater are used for drinking, household, industrial and technical (irrigation) purposes. In accordance with the performed zoning with respect to the degree of groundwater pollution protection, a considerable part of groundwater territories is poorly protected. To preserve groundwater, it is required to optimize and extend the existing water monitoring networks, as well as to create protected areas of promising deposits, with the limited placement of industries and a regime of groundwater protection against pollution and depletion.

keywords Intermountain basins, groundwater, infiltration, deposits, exploitation, underground water protection, sources of pollution, depletion, monitoring
References

 

1. Orolbaeva L. E. Geogidrologiya gornykh stran (na primere Tyan-Shanya i Pamiro-Alaya) (Hydrogeology of mining countries (on example of Tian Shan and Pamir-Alay)). Bishkek : Teknik, 2013. 185 p.
2. Podrezov O. A. Sovremennyy klimat Bishkeka, Chuyskoy doliny i Severnogo sklona Kirgizskogo khrebta (Modern climate of Bishkek, Chuy Valley and North slope of Kyrgyz range). Bishkek, 2013. 201 p.
3. Orolbaeva L. Impact of afforestation and reforestation on local communities. Economic and Social Assessment FAO. Rome, Italy, 2009. 51 p.
4. Holmes R. M. The importance of ground water to stream ecosystem function. Streams and Ground Water. Academic Press, 2000. pp. 137–147.
5. Howard K., Mailer H. S., Mattson S. L. Ground-surface water interaction and the role of the hyporheic zone. Ground Water and Ecosistems. Netherlands, 2006. pp. 131–143.
6. Ecosystems and human well-being: Health Synthesis: a report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Washington : Island Press, 2005. 138 p.
7. Shestakov V. M., Pozdnyakov S. P. Geogidrologiya (Geohydrology). Moscow : Akademkniga, 2003. 175 p.
8. Grinevskiy S. O., Pozdniakov S. P. Simulation of regional-scale groundwater recharge and its change under transient climate conditions. Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater. Modeling “Managing Groundwater and the Environment”. Proceeding of the 7-th International Сonference On Calibration And Reliability In Groundwater Modeling ModelCARE. Wuhan, China, China University of Geosciences, 2009. pp. 499–502.
9. Reconciling resource uses in transboundary basins: assessment of the waterfood-energy-ecosystems nexus. United Nations, Geneva, 2015. 111 p.
10. Dietz A. et al. Identifying changing snow cover characteristics in Central Asia between 1986 and 2014 from remote sensing Data. Remote Sensing. 2014. Vol. 6(12). pp. 12752–12775.
11. Kompleksnaya otsenka prirodnykh resursov Kyrgyzstana 2008-2010 (Complex assessment of natural resources of Kyrgyzstan 2008-2010). Bishkek, 2010. 158 p. (in Russian)
12. Natsionalnyy doklad o sostoyanii okruzhayushchey sredy Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki za 2011-2014 gody (National report about the state of environment of Kyrgyz Repiublic for 2011-2014). Bishkek, 2016. 163 p. (in Russian)
13. Kronenberg J. Linking ecological economics and political ecology to study mining. Glaciersand Global Warming. Environmental Policy and Governance. 2013. Vol. 23. pp. 75–90.
14. Zektser I. S., Karimova O. A., Buzhuoli Zh., Buchchi M. Regionalnaya otsenka uyazvimosti presnykh podzemnykh vod: metodologicheskie aspekty i prakticheskoe primenenie (Regional assessment of fresh groundwater vulnerability: methodical aspects and practical application). Vodnye resursy = Water Resources. 2004. Vol. 31, No. 6. pp. 645–650.
15. Orolbaeva L. E. Zashchishchennost podzemnykh vod gornykh geosistem Tyan-Shanya i Pamiro-Alaya (Protectability of groundwaters of mining geosystems of Tian Shan and Pamir Alay). Izvestiya Kyrgyzskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta imeni I. Razzakova = Bulletin of Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov. 2014. No. 33. pp. 405–408.
16. Frenken K. Irrigation in Central Asia in figures : AQUASTAT Survey 2012. Edited by K. Frenken., Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013. Water Reports 39. 240 p.

 

Full content Groundwater of Kyrgyzstan: Issues of use and preservation
Back