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MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL POTENTIAL OF THE WORLD OCEAN
ArticleName Fundamentals of engineering-geological zoning of the distribution area of ferromanganese ores in the Рacific Ocean
ArticleAuthor Kozlov S. A.
ArticleAuthorData

FSUE VNIIOkeangeologia named after I. S. Gramberg:

S. A. Kozlov, Scientific Secretary, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, e-mail: kozlov@vniio.ru

Abstract

For the reconnaissance and strategic planning of the Pacific Ocean`s mineral raw development of material resources, it is necessary to develop the fundamental approaches to its engineering-geological division into districts. Such a division is based on the results of Russian (Soviet) engineering-geological researchings of development conditions of ferromanganese formations in the Pacific Ocean, the study of physic-mechanical properties of ferromanganese nodules and cobalt-manganese crusts, bottom sediments and rocks. Also there are taken into account the multi-year researchings, carried out in the region by specialists of the developed foreign countries.Ferromanganese ores are systematized (in engineering-geological purposes), based on the classification scheme by I. V. Popov, with separate categories: ore formation (the geochemical type) - geological-genetic complex (the genotype) - lithologic-genetic complex (on the texture of the ore shell) - morphological type - engineering-geological type (on the size) - the engineering-geological variety (on the strength). Deposits for ferromanganese nodules are presented by silts and clays, which variability of physical and mechanical properties is controlled by belonging to a particular area with a specific uniform character of precipitation formation. That presupposes a very small variation of the conditions of production within the borders of the ore deposits. In the case of the cobalt-manganese crusts, even within a single ore deposit, the properties of rock-substrates can leap: from the fragile basalts with bubble texture, hyaloclastites and sandstones, to the massive basalts, limestones and tuff breccias. The compiled map of the engineering-geological dividing into districts of the Pacific Ocean, shows two megaregions, which are selected according to the type of the deep-seated structure of the earth's crust, which outlined the different tectonic structure of the basalt lodge (the border between the young and the transitional slabs). Engineering-geological regions are isolated by the structural-tectonic principle as the geological and structural units of the earth's crust, peculiar in engineering-geological sense, the large part of the regions, relatively homogeneous by the nature of the relief and the genetic peculiarities of the surface sediments.Engineering-geological areas of the spreading fields of the ferromanganese nodules may be confined to the zones, characterized by a specific structure of the bottom soil and related to it tendencies of physical and mechanical properties` changes. The spreading fields, the ferromanganese crusts may be confined to the groups of elevations, with the same substrate. According to the results of large-scale engineering-geological division into districts, the areas of the deposit with different complexity of the conditions of their development are identified.

keywords Pacific ocean, iron manganese ore, engineering and geological dividing into districts, deposit, physical and mechanical properties
References

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