The Waelz Process

Physical-chemical characteristic of waeltz process is given, as well as behaviour of different compounds (lead, zinc, cadmium, indium etc) during this process. Especial attention is paid to hardware of waeltz process and to furnace lining. Heat balance of waeltz furnace is presented and possible violations of technological procedure. Technological schemes for processing of different kinds of raw materials via waeltz process are described in details on the base of practical data of zinc works. Economical efficiency of waeltz process is shown and its ecological importance is underlined, in connection with processing of different intermediate products and wastes of metallurgical industry.

Language of edition: English (translated from Russian).

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Contents:

Introduction

CHAPTER I. The Theory of the Waelz Process

1.1. General

1.2. Physicochemical Description of the Waelz Process

1.3. Behaviour of Zinc Compounds

1.4. Behaviour of Lead Compounds

1.5. Behaviour of Cadmium Compounds

1.6. Behaviour of Indium Compounds

1.7. Behaviour of the Compounds of Thallium, Germanium, Gallium. Antimony, Arsenic, Selenium, Tellurium

1.8. Behaviour of the Compounds of Iron, Copper, Nickel, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silver and Gold

1.9. Oxidation of the Vapours of Zinc and Cadmium in the gas phase of the Waelz kiln

CHAPTER II. Raw Materials for the Waelz-Process

CHAPTER III. Hardware Equipment of the Waelz Process

3.1. Design of the Waelz Kiln with Auxiliary Equipment

3.2. Refractories and Lining for Waels Kilns

3.3. Dust Extraction and Gas Purification

CHAPTER IV. Waelz Practice

4.1. Thermal Balance of Waelz-Kilns

4.2. Capacity of Waelz-Kilns

4.3. Possible Breaches of the Technological Settings of the Waelz Process

CHAPTER V. Flow Sheets of Processing of Various Products by the Waelz Process

5.1. The Waelz processing of Zinc Cakes

5.2. Utilization of Secondary Zinc-Containing Raw Materials in the Waelz Process

Processing of Slimes of Waste Water Treatment Facilities of Zinc Plants

Processing of Zinc-Containing Slimes of Waste Water Treatment Faculties of Chemical Plants

Processing of Zinc-Containing Slags of Lead Smelting

Processing of Zinc-Containing Slags Together with Oxidized Carbonate Ore

Processing of Complex Feed Consisting of Zinc Cake, High Silica Cinder, Slags of Lead Smelting, Slimes of Waste Water Treatment Facilities

Processing of Other Types of Zinc-Containing Wastes (Wastes of Galvanism, Dusts of Blast-Furnace Production)

CHAPTER VI. Processing of Waelz Kiln Products

6.1. Hydrometallurgical processing of the Waelz volatiles

6.2. Pyrometallurgical Processing of Waelz Volatiles

6.3. Processing of Clinker

Processing of Clinkers Produced by Waelz Processing of Slags of Lead Smelting

Processing of Clinkers Produced by Waelz Processing of Zinc Cakes

CHAPTER VII. Efficiency of the Waelz Process

Bibliography