Author 1:
Name & Surname: Sanfirov I. A.
Company: Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm, Russia)
Work Position: Deputy Director, Professor
Scientific Degree: Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Contacts: e-mail: sanf@mi-perm.ru

Author 2:
Name & Surname: Yaroslavtsev A. G.
Company: Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm, Russia)
Work Position: Head of subdivision
Scientific Degree: Candidate of Engineering Sciences

Author 3:
Name & Surname: Nikiforov V. V.
Company: Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm, Russia)
Work Position: Engineer

The article reviews modern engineering approaches to mapping of near-surface heterogeneities in geological profile and monitoring natural and induced processes that weaken stability of buildings and structures. It is suggested to use combination of seismic, acoustic, electromagnetic and GPR technologies of engineering geophysics. Seismic observations are aimed at differentiation within the geological profile, definition of spatial patterns in distribution of its structural and physical parameters, and revealing of weakened areas and their quantitative assessment. Electric exploration is aimed to indentify prevailing direction of ground water flows. The resources of the proposed integrated research package are illustrated in terms of a large engineering structure located in the area with highly intensive natural geohydrology processes and high induced noise level. At the stage of integrated interpretation of in situ observation and measurement data, the analysis encompasses the elastic properties of rocks at the top and bottom of geological surface, their relation with characteristics of primary deposits and conformity between the elastic properties and water-physical parameters. To this effect, alongside with the data of the performed studies, the available geotechnical information (archive) is used and additional holes are drilled for engineering survey. Based on the research findings, the weakened zone and hazardous subsidence have been located in the formation under the building; this zone, together with the structural and hydrogeological features of the profile, cause instability of the engineering structure.
The studies were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by the Government of the Perm Region, Projects Nos. 07-05-97607, 09-05-99023, 11-05-96023.

1. Sanfirov I. A., Priyma G. Yu., Stepanov Yu. I., Chugaev A. V., Yaroslavtsev A. G. Kompleksirovanie inzhenerno-geofizicheskikh metodov pri issledovaniyakh fundamentov (Complexing of engineering-geophysics methods during foundation research). Razvedka i okhrana nedr = Prospect and protection of mineral resources. 2006. No. 12. pp. 32–36.
2. Sanfirov I. A., Yaroslavtsev A. G. Opyt primeneniya seysmorazvedki obshchey glubinnoy tochki dlya resheniya inzhenerno-geologicheskikh zadach (Experience of application of seismic survey of common depth point for engineering-geological tasks’ solving). Geofizika = Geophysics. 2004. No. 3. pp. 27–30.
3. Sanfirov I. A., Yaroslavtsev A. G., Chugaev A. V., Babkin A. I., Priyma G. Yu. Primenenie maloglubinnoy seysmorazvedki otrazhennymi volnami dlya otsenki sostoyaniya okolostvolnogo massiva (Application of shallow seismic survey by reflected waves for assessment of pit-bottom massif state). Razvedka i okhrana nedr = Prospect and protection of mineral resources. 2005. No. 12. pp. 31–33.
4. Yaroslavtsev A. G., Fatkin K. B., Babkin A. I., Priyma G. Yu., Sanfirov I. A., Prigara A. M. Seysmorazvedochnye issledovaniya vodozashchitnoy tolshchi na verkhnekamskom mestorozhdenii kaliynykh soley (Seismic survey researches of water-protection layer at Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2008. No. 10. pp. 45–48.
5. Sanfirov I. A., Yaroslavtsev A. G., Nikiforov V. V., Bereznev V. A. Paleolandscape Seismic Reflection Researches for City Territory. 74th EAGE Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark, 2012.
6. SNiP 2.06.14-85. Zashchita gornykh vyrabotok ot podzemnykh i poverkhnostnykh vod (Sanitary rules and regulations 2.06.14-85. Protection of mine excavations from underground and surface waters). Moscow, 1985. (in Russian).