YakutPNIIS, Yakutsk, Russia:

O. I. Matveeva, General Director, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
E. Yu. Sokolova, Junior Researcher, Yapniis@ysn.ru

Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia:
G. D. Fedorova, Assistant Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences

Yakutniproalmaz Research and Development Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, Russia:
I. V. Zyryanov, Deputy Director for Science, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Operating conditions of shaft lining in underground mines of ALROSA (Mir, Aikhal, Udachny) feature highly salt underground water and adjacent rock temperature from –8 to +5 °С. Underground water differs in chemistry and rate of attack on concrete. The highest salinity of underground water up to 400 g/l is recorded in Udachny Mine. Due to complicated hydrogeological conditions, construction of vertical ventilation shaft in Udachny Mine involved installation of tubing string and grouting of gap between the string and the shaft. This article describes the procedure of selection of optimized cement grouting composition and its full-scale testing. Based on the data of experimental research and full-scale testing, the authors have developed recommendations on composition of cement grout, injection pattern and modes of cement grouting of gap between the shaft and tubing under specific conditions of permafrost and highly saline confined groundwater. The characteristics of cement grouts are given: water/cement ratio, proportion of admixes, material consumption, density, spreadability, water gain, time of setting, hardening and development of strength. For the specific conditions of Udachny Mine, it is substantiated and recommended to use grout made of sulfate-resisting Portland cement with low water/cement ratio of 0.39 with plasticizing compound admix KhK (3%) + PFM-NLK (0.7%).

1. Pismennyy A. V., Drozdov A. V., Kramskov N. P. Gidrogeologicheskie i gazovye problemy razrabotki mestorozhdeniy almazov Yakutii (Hydrogeological and gas problems of mining of Yakutia diamond deposits). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2001. No. 1. pp. 67–70.

2. Kravchuk T. V., Sergeev S. V. Obosnovanie sposoba zashchity shakhtnogo stvola ot agressivnogo vozdeystviya podzemnykh vod metodom chislennogo modelirovaniya (Substantiation of the way of shaft protection from aggressive impact of underground waters by numerical modeling method). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2013. No. 12. pp. 22–24.
3. Matveeva O. I., Fedorova G. D., Vinokurov A. T., Kramskov N. P. Modifitsirovannye betony dlya podzemnogo stroitelstva (Modified concretes for underground construction). Stroitelnye materialy = Construction materials. 2006. No. 10. pp. 18–19.
4. Ovchinnikov P. V., Kuznetsov V. G., Frolov A. A., Ovchinnikov V. P., Shatov A. A., Urmancheev V. I. Spetsialnye tamponazhnye materialy dlya nizkotemperaturnykh skvazhin (Special plugging materials for low-temperature wells). Moscow : Nedra, 2002.
5. Beley I. I., Shcherbich N. E., Tsypkin E. B., Vyalov V. V. Spetsialnye tamponazhnye materialy dlya tsementirovaniya obsadnykh kolonn v skvazhinakh s razlichnymi termobaricheskimi usloviyami (Special plugging materials for cementation of drive pipes in the wells with various thermobaric conditions). Burenie i neft = Drilling and oil. 2007. No. 6. pp. 12–15.
6. Korostelev A. S., Beley I. I. Novye tamponazhnye rastvory dlya tsementirovaniya konduktorov i napravleniy v intervalakh mnogoletnemerzlykh porod (New plugging solutions for cementation of conductors and ways in the intervals of permafrost rocks). Gazovaya promyshlennost = Gus industry. 2011. No. 5. pp. 35–38.
7. Bogdanov Yu. M. Novyy podkhod k upravleniyu svoystvami tamponazhnykh rabot (New approach to the management of the properties of plugging works). Vesti gazovoy nauki = Bulletin of gas science. 2010. No. 1(4). pp. 282–286.
8. Protko N. S. Metodika otsenki effektivnosti svoystv plastifikatorov (Method of assessment of plastifier properties' efficiency). Tekhnologii betonov = Concrete Technologies. 2015. No. 1-2. pp. 50–51.
9. Drovkin L. I., Drovkin O. L., Garnitskiy Yu. V. Modifitsirovanie raschetnoy zavisimosti prochnosti betona ot tsementno-vodnogo otnosheniya (Modification of calculation dependence of concrete durability on cement-water ratio). Tekhnologii betonov = Concrete Technologies. 2015. No. 5-6. pp. 52–56.
10. Adamtsevich A. O., Pustovgar A. P. Osobennosti vliyaniya modifitsiruyushchikh dobavok na kinetiku tverdeniya tsementnykh sistem (Peculiarities of the influence of modifying additives on cement system solidification kinetics). Sukhie stroitelnye smesi = Dry construction mixtures. 2015. No. 4. pp. 26–29.
11. Mayorov A. E. Geomekhanicheskie aspekty konsolidiruyushchego krepleniya gornykh vyrabotok (Geomechanical aspects of consolidation support of excavations). Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Vestnik of Kuzbass State Technical University. 2011. No. 3. pp. 41–44.
12. Brykov A. S. Sulfatnaya korroziya portlandtsementnykh betonov (Sulfate corrosion of Portland-cement concretes). Tsement i ego primenenie = Cement and its Applications. 2014. No. 6. pp. 96–103.
13. Menendez E., Matschei T., Glasser F. P. Sulfate attack of concrete. Performance of Cement-Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports 10, 2013.
14. Yu Ch., Sun W., Scrivenek K. Mechanism of expansion of mortars immersed in sodium sulfate solutions. Cement and Concrete Res. 2013. Vol. 43. pp. 105–111.
15. Skaropoulou A., Sotiriadis K., Kakali G., Tsivilis S. Thaumasite form of sulfate attack in limestone cement concrete: the effect of cement composition, sand type and exposure temperature. Construction and Building Materials. 2012. Vol. 36. pp. 527–533.
16. Matveeva O. I., Fedorova G. D. Obespechenie korrozionnoy stoykosti shakhtnykh krepey v podzemnykh rudnikakh Aktsionernoy Kompanii «ALROSA» (Zakrytogo Aktsionernogo Obshchestva) (Provision of corrosion resistance of shaft supports in underground mines of “ALROSA” JSC). Problemy i puti effektivnoy otrabotki almazonosnykh mestorozhdeniy : sbornik dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Problems and ways of efficient excavation of diamond-bearing deposits : collection of the reports of International scientific-practical conference). Novosibirsk : Nauka, 2011. pp. 221–224.