Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia:

K. N. Trubetskoy, Counselor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Institute of Integrated Mineral Development–IPKON, Moscow, Russia:
S. D. Viktorov, Deputy Director of Scientific Work, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, vmzakal@mail.ru
V. M. Zakalinsky, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
A. A. Osokin, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences

The advance in the technology of explosive destruction of rock masses has a number of trends, and one of them, in underground conditions, is an increase in the size of a rock unit volume to be destructed by one charge, which, consequently, involves parameters of a broken layer. It can be stated that development of this technology, based on the build-up scale of explosive destruction of rocks, in recent decades has led to a notable progress in drilling and blasting. It required a new approach to calculating the size of a charge for controlled blasting with large explosive charges in underground conditions based on application and development of the scale factor. The studies were based on the principle of scale effect on the basis of the analysis of the well-known formula Q = qV and its transformation in order to obtain design fragmentation rate at any volume and conditions of largescale blasting. The new large-scale blasting patterns with different charge concentrations, charge designs and explosives are developed. During the improvement of the patterns, the earlier objective became actual again, namely, flexible adaptability the technology to mining standards based on current capabilities of the arsenal of explosion control methods and means. The plan and procedure of experimental studies into stability of explosive compositions using porous ammonium nitrate have been developed. The preliminary testing of heat-treated ammonium nitrate at Tugnuisky Open Pit Coal Mine showed effectiveness of the chemical. The practice of large-scale explosive destruction of rocks the technology capabilities, providing innovation-based enhancement in hard mineral mining efficiency with taking into account variety of natural and man-made resources under the integrated mineral development. The article presents both the new technological trend and the method of its implementation in the development of mineral deposits.
The study has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Federal Targeted Program on R&D in Priority Areas of Advancement in the Science and Technology of Russia for 2014–2020. Agreement No. 607.21.0027 as of June 5, 2014; Unique Identification Number RFMEFI60714X0027.

1. Mining sciences. Mastering and storage of Earth soils : monograph. Under the editorship of K. N. Trubetskoy. Moscow : Publishing House of Academy of Mining Sciences, 1997. 478 p.
2. Kutuzov B. N. Drilling and Blasting in Russia — the competitive level in the global economics. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2006. No. 5. pp. 20–22.
3. Dugartsyrenov A. V., Kim S. I., Belchenko E. L., Nikolaev S. P. Requirements to the choice of drilling and blasting parameters for complex-structure rock massifs grinding by combined and boosting charges. Blasting : collection of articles. Moscow : Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, 2015. No. 113/70. pp. 142–148.
4. Louchnikov V. N., Eremenko V. A., Sandy M. P. Ground support liners for underground mines: energy absorption capacities and costs. Eurasian Mining. 2014. No. 1. pp. 54–62.
5. Zheng Bingxu, Li Zhanjun, Liu Yi. Theory and Practice of the Fragmentation Control of Rock Blasting. 7^th International Conference on Physical Problems of Rock Destruction. China, 2011. pp. 188–194.
6. Singh P. K., Roy M. P., Amalendu Sinha. Controlled Blasting for Safe and Efficient Mining Operations at Rampura Agucha Mine in India. 8^th International Conference on Physical Problems of Rock Destruction. China, 2014. pp. 137–151.
7. Haibao Yi, Haitao Yang, Li Ming, Han Bin, Zheng Lujing. Study on Open-Pit Precision Control Blasting of Easily Weathered Rock and its Application. 8^th International Conference on Physical Problems of Rock Destruction. China, 2014. pp. 157–160.
8. Duan Y., Xiong D., Yao L., Wang F. and Xu G. Advanced Technology for Setting Out of Blastholes and Measurements while Drilling. 11^th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting. Australia, 2015. pp. 593–598.
9. Trubetskoy K. N., Viktorov S. D., Zakalinskiy V. M. New concept of drilling and blasting operations improvement in underground mines. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2002. No. 9. pp. 9–12.
10. Fokin V. A., Togunov M. B., Semkin S. V., Shitov Yu. A. Design procedure for drilling-and-blasting in open pit mines with low benches. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2015. No. 2. pp. 51–54. doi: 10.17580/gzh.2015.02.09.
11. Viktorov S. D., Eremenko A. A., Zakalinskiy V. M., Mashukov I. V. Technology of large-scale blasting on bump-hazard ore deposits of Siberia. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 2005. 212 p.
12. Ganopolskiy M. I., Pupkov V. V., Nenakhov I. A., Fomenkova V. E. Substantiation of seismic-safe conditions of blasting production. Blasting : collection of articles. Moscow : Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, 2015. No. 113/70. pp. 347–365.
13. Viktorov S. D., Galchenko Yu. P., Zakalinskiy V. M., Rubtsov S. K. Destruction of rocks by unlike charges. Moscow : Nauchtekhlitizdat, 2006. 276 p.
14. Vakhidov R. M., Pozdnyakov A. E. Valiakhmedov I. F., Aleksandrov V. N. Influence of the area of powder chambers on the grinding intensity. Blasting : collection of articles. Moscow : Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, 2014. No. 112/69. pp. 47–51.
15. Eremenko A. A. Improvement of technology of drilling and blasting operations on iron-ore deposits of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 2013. 192 p.
16. Bunin Zh. V., Norov Yu. D., Nutfullaev G. S., Zairov Sh. Sh. Defining the depth of destruction of strong seams in different-strength rock massif by blasting charge with cumulative effect. Blasting : collection of articles. Moscow : Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, 2015. No. 113/70. pp. 133–141.
17. Starshinov A. V., Kostylev S. S., Neymann V. R., Litovka O. B., Miletenko I. V., Albrekht S. N., Zhamyan Zh. Some specifics of raw materials provision and metrological equipping of mixed explosives production. Marksheyderiya i nedropolzovanie. 2010. No. 1. pp. 49–53.
18. Fors K. G. Forty years of my experience. Gornoe delo i stroitelstvo. Atlas Copco. 2006. No. 1. p. 28.