Platov South Russian State Polytechnical University, Novocherkassk, Russia:

A. I. Gavrishin, Professor, Doctor of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences, agavrishin@rambler.ru

East Donbass territory suff ers from the severe environmental pressure. The negative impact sources are the production units of coal mining, processing, machine building, metallurgical, chemical, agricultural and power generating industries, as well as the municipal housing economy objects. The most of the ecological loads are conditioned by a mineral mining factor (coal mining and preparation) as a consequence of closure of coal mines in the Rostov Region and in the adjacent area of Ukraine. The main sources of the environmental impact are the mines in operation, recently closed or under closing (more than 50 mines); long-closed and abandoned mines (not less than 200); overburden dumps (round 500 units); retention ponds, processing plants, thermal power plants, power and heating plants etc. The chemical composition of mine waters in East Donbass has been determined for the period of 100 years based on the data of more than 1500 analyses, and more than 100 defi nitions are used for underground water. The information is analyzed using the mathematical statistics and the original G-method of classifi cation of multi-dimensional observations. In the region discussed, four main trends of change in the mine water composition are revealed. The highest changes were observed in the 1940s–1950s and after large-scale closure of mines in the current century. Ejection of dissolved solids to the ground surface with mine water reached 426 Mt/yr. A wide range of negative events were observed in the environment of East Donbass: extensive pollution of ground and surface water and air, high mineralization of mine water; increased defi cit of potable and process water; silting of water courses and water bodies; zoo- and phytoplankton kill; underflooding of residential areas; ground surface subsidence; deformation and damage to buildings, structures and utility lines and many other. All that required migration of population to safe territories.

1. Bakaeva E. N., Taradayko M. N. Ecotoxicological researches of waters of small rivers of Tuzlov river basin in the area of a «wet» removal of mines. Geoecological problems of coal industry territories : collection of proceedings of scientific conferences with international participation. Rostov-na-Donu : Izdatelstvo Yuzhnogo federalnogo universiteta, 2015. pp. 57–65.
2. Bobukh V. A., Chikhirin A. A., Tyuldin V. N. Regional thrusting of northern fringes of the Eastern Donbass in connection with formation of hydrocarbon deposits. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy. 2004. No. 7. pp. 22–28.
3. Gavrishin A. I. Quantitative analysis of natural and technogenic hydrogeochemical regularities. Izvestiya vuzov. Geologiya i razvedka. 2012. No. 2. pp. 37–42.
4. Gavrishin A. I. Regularities in the formation of chemical composition of mine water and its influence on geoecological situation (Komissarovskaya mine, Eastern Donbass). Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya. Gidrogeologiya. Geokriologiya. 2015. No. 6. pp. 505–513.
5. Gamov M. I., Granovskaya N. V. Mineralogical-petrographic and thermobarogeochemical peculiarities of rock dumps of coal mines of the Eastern Donbass. Geoecological problems of coal industry territories : collection of proceedings of scientific conferences with international participation. Rostov-na-Donu : Izdatelstvo Yuzhnogo federalnogo universiteta, 2015. pp. 128– 140.
6. Zakrutkin V. E., Sklyarenko G. Yu., Gibkov E. B. The Chemical Composition and Degree of Groundwater Contamination in Coal-Mining Areas of the Eastern Donbass. Izvestiya vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Seriya: Estestvennye nauki. 2014. No. 4. pp. 73–77.
7. Mokhov A. V. About mine water spreading from flooded coal mines in soils. Doklady Akademii nauk. 2011. Vol. 438, No. 4. pp. 494–496.
8. Appelo C. A. J., Postma D. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution. 2^nd ed. Tailor&Francis, 2005. 683 p.
9. Ciparis S., Phipps A., Soucek D. J., Zipper С. E., Jones J. W. Effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of major ions on a freshwater mussel. Environmental Pollution. 2015. Vol. 207. pp. 280–287.
10. Gavrishin A. I., Koradini A. The origin and the formation laws of groundwater and mine water chemistry in the Eastern Donets Basin. Vodnye resursy. 2009. Vol. 36, No. 5. pp. 564–574.
11. Bazhin V. Yu., Beloglazov I. I., Feshchenko R. Yu. Deep conversion and metal content of Russian coals. Eurasian Mining. 2016. No. 2. pp. 28–36. DOI: 10.17580/em.2016.02.07
12. Rojas C., Martinez С. E., Bruns M. A. Fe biogeochemistry in reclaimed acid mine drainage precipitates – Implications for phytoremediation. Environmental Pollution. 2014. Vol. 184. pp. 231–237.
13. Wang В., Xia D., Yu Y., Jia J., Nie Y. et al. Detecting the sensitivity of magnetic response on different pollution sources – A case study from typical mining cities in northwestern China. Environmental Pollution. 2015. Vol. 207. pp. 288–298.
14. Sachsenhofer R. F., Privalov V. A., Panova E. A. Basin evolution and coal geology of the Donets Basin (Ukraine, Russia): An overview. International Journal of Coal Geology. 2012. Vol. 89. pp. 26–40.