Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia:

Yu. A. Ozaryan, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, ozaryanigd@gmail.com

The article is devoted to the investigation of self-healing of phytocenoses on lands destroyed by mining operations. The author emphasizes that organisms created by nature (man, animal, plant or whole ecosystem) are unique and thought out to the last detail. In addition to providing vital functions, the functions for restoration, specific for each object and case, are laid. Anthropogenic activity inevitably leads to the disturbance of equilibrium in nature. It is extremely important for the organization of rational nature protection to study the mechanisms of recovery. It is indicated that a set of scientific methods was used to solve the set tasks, including: analysis and compilation of literature data; methods of chemical analysis; methods of remote monitoring of vegetation from satellite images over a long period; mathematical and statistical processing of the data. The data of full-scale survey and satellite monitoring of disturbed lands in the zone of impact of three mining enterprises of the Khabarovsk Territory are given. An analysis of the results of calculating the vegetative index is given. The features of the relief of the objects under investigation and its influence on the processes of self-healing are considered. The author highlights that processes of natural vegetation restoration take place at all the objects under study. The highest indexes of the vegetation index were recorded in the zone of impact of the Korfovsky stone quarry. The limiting factors of restoration and development of soil-vegetation cover are the granulometric composition, mineralogical composition of rocks and steepness of the slopes. The process of natural restoration develops slowly, therefore, when developing a plan for remediation measures, a complex approach is required that will allow to preserve the formed secondary phytocenoses and take  into account their features when creating artificial plantations. The author illustrates the results of the studies by four figures, which show satellite images of the objects under study and the results of NDVI calculations.

1. Manakov Yu. A., Kupriyanov A. N. Diagnostic criteria for initial succession at dumps in Kuzbass. Gornyy informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten. 2009. Special issue 7. Kuzbass-1. pp. 186–193.
2. Bens О., Hüttl R. F. Soil Consumption through Opencast Lignite Mining and Ecological Development Potentials of Anthropogenically Disturbed Sites – Case Study Lusatia Coalfields, Germany. Die Erde. 2005. Vol. 136, No. 1. pp. 79–96.
3. Nierop K. G. J., van Lagen B., Buurman P. Composition of plant tissues and soil organic matter in the first stages of a vegetation succession. Geoderma. 2001. Vol. 100, Iss. 1–2. pp. 1–24.
4. Abdullah M. M., Feagin R. A., Musawi L., Whisenant S., Popescu S. The use of remote sensing to develop a site history for restoration planning in an arid landscape. Restoration Ecology. 2016. Vol. 24, No. 1. pp. 91–99.
5. Zweig C. L., Newman S. Using landscape context to map invasive species with medium‐resolution satellite imagery. Restoration Ecology. 2015. Vol. 23, No. 5. pp. 524–530.
6. Kuznetsov V. S., Kolosov O. Yu. Studying self-healing mechanisms at the iron ore dumps in the northern areas. Problems of Subsoil Management: VI All-Russian Youth Scientific–Practical Conference Proceedings. Yekaterinburg : UrO RAN, 2012. pp. 117–121.
7. Mesyats S. P., Rumyantseva N. S., Volkova E. Y. Environment-creating role of biota and rocks in remediating mining-induced landscapes. Gornyy informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten. 2015. Special issue 56. Deep Open Pit Mines. pp. 479–487.
8. Zenkov I. V., Nefedov B. N., Zayats V. V., Nefedov N. B. Application of space-based processing technologies to estimating environmental conditions of mining landscape objects in Korshunov iron ore field. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2017. No. 12. pp. 101–104. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2017.12.20
9. Volpert Ya. L., Shadrina E. G., Savvinov G. N., Danilov P. P., Poiseeva S. I. The state of terrestrial ecologica l systems in the area of mining enterprises of AC “Alrosa” (OJSC). Gornyi Zhurnal. 2012. No. 2. pp. 84–87.
10. Zenkov I. V., Yuronen Yu. P., Nefedov B. N., Baradulin I. M. Remote sensing in estimation of forest ecosystem generation at crushed stone quarries in Siberia. Eurasian Mining. 2016. No. 1. pp. 50–54. DOI: 10.17580/em.2016.01.09
11. Chmykhalova S. V. The impact of a mining enterprise on the environment. Izvestiya vuzov. Gornyi zhurnal. 2012. No. 5. pp. 80–84.
12. Kachurin N. M., Vorobev S. A., Korchagina T. V., Sidorov R. V. Scientifi c and practical results of monitoring of anthropogenic influence on mining-industrial territories environment. Eurasian Mining. 2014. No. 2. pp. 44–48.
13. Lungen H. B., Sprecher M. Flexible solutions in the iron and steel industry for reducing of carbon dioxide emissions and increase of production efficiency. Chernye Metally. 2017. No. 11. pp. 64–71.
14. Algermissen D., Cancarevic M., Rekersdrees T., Schliephake H., Zehn T. Waste-free strategy at GMH based on four “R” principles. Chernye Metally. 2018. No. 6. pp. 46–52.
15. Turgunova K. K., Sultamurat G. I., Boranbaeva B. M. Kazakhstan republic legislation law as a way to reduce negative impact on environment. CIS Iron and Steel Review. 2016. Vol. 11. pp. 9–15. DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2016.01.02
14. State Report on State-of-the-Art and Protection of the Environment in the Khabarovsk Territory in 2016. Ed.: A. B. Ermolin. Izhevsk : Preprint-2, 2017. 226 p.
15. Rouse J. W., Haas R. H., Schell J. A., Deering D. W., Harlan J. C. Monitoring the Vernal Advancements and Retrogradation (Green Wave Effect) of Natural Vegetation : report. Greenbelt : NASA, 1974. Type III. 371 p.
16. Loupian Е. А., Savin I. Yu., Bartalev S. A., Tolpin V. A., Balashov I. V., Plotnikov D. E. Satellite Service for Vegetation Monitoring VEGA. Current Problems in Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space. 2011. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp. 190–198.
17. Usikov V. I. The 3D relief models and structure of the Earth's upper crust in the Amur region. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology. 2011. Vol. 5, No. 6. pp. 492–508.
18. Ozaryan Yu. A. Integrated estimation of man-made barren area in the Komsomolsk mining region using Vega satellite service. Sovremennye problemy distantsirovannogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa. 2016. Vol. 13, No. 1. pp. 70–78.
19. Bubnova M. B., Ozaryan Yu. A. Integrated assessment of the environmental impact of mining. Journal of Mining Science. 2016. Vol. 52, No. 2. pp. 401–409.
20. Pedchik A. Yu., Chmykhalova S. V., Shevchuk S. V., Shentseva S. V. Allowance for variability of rock mass characteristics along the line of underground excavations in design calculations and cost estimation. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2016. No. 12. pp. 37–39. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2016.12.08
21. Ozaryan Yu. A. Features of the biota recovery in the zone of the industrial impact of the Far Eastern mines. Gornyy informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten. 2014. No. 2. pp. 372–379.
22. Trubetskoy K. N., Galchenko Yu. P. Geology of Subsoil Management and Eco-Geotechnologies of Mineral Mining. Moscow : Nauchtekhlitizdat, 2015. 359 p.