Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет), Санкт-Петербург, Россия:

А. А. Блохин, зав. каф. технологии редких элементов и наноматериалов на их основе, докт. техн. наук, проф., эл. почта: blokhin@list.ru

Представительство компании Purolite Ltd в СНГ, Москва, Россия:

М. А. Михайленко, руководитель направления гидрометаллургии, канд. хим. наук

Целью настоящей статьи является попытка обобщить литературные данные о применении процессов ионообменной сорбции в гидрометаллургии рения. Приведена историческая справка об открытии рения. Кратко рассмотрены основные области применения рения, масштабы его производства, основные сырьевые источники. Дана общая оценка роли процессов ионообменной сорбции при извлечении рения из различных видов рудного и вторичного сырья и очистки его соединений. Рассмотрено применение активных углей и ионообменных смол для извлечения рения из растворов различного происхождения и состава. Основное внимание уделено ионообменным смолам, как наиболее эффективным сорбентам для извлечения рения. Обсуждена природа селективности анионообменных сорбентов к рению. Проведено сравнение избирательных свойств сильно- и слабоосновных анионитов по отношению к рению, а также способам десорбции рения из анионитов различной основности. С учетом селективности и емкостных характеристик по отношению к рению, легкости и полноты его десорбции и переработки десорбатов на перренат аммония предпочтение отдано слабоосновным ионообменным смолам. Сформулированы основные требования, предъявляемые к слабоосновным ионитам, предназначенным для извлечения рения, обсуждены пути управления их селективностью. Пронализированы сведения о селективных к рению слабоосновных анионитах и амфолитах, как использовавшихся ранее, так и используемых в настоящее время. Представлены сведения о применении процессов ионообменной сорбции для попутного извлечения рения в медеплавильном производстве, при переработке молибденитовых концентратов, скважинном подземном выщелачивании урана, переработке вторичного сырья. Обсуждены некоторые новые направления в синтезе ионообменных материалов для извлечения рения.

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