Филиал РГП «Национальный центр по комплексной переработке минерального сырья Республики Казахстан» «ВНИИцветмет», Усть-Каменогорск, Казахстан

В. А. Шумский, заместитель директора по научной работе1, канд. техн. наук, эл. почта: vs2009@inbox.ru

Несмотря на многочисленные разработки в области гидрометаллургии свинца, подавляющую часть свинца в мире по-прежнему производят с использованием различных процессов свинцовой плавки. При этом традиционный процесс, совмещающий агломерирующий окислительный обжиг свинцового сырья с восстановительной шахтной плавкой агломерата, из-за его неадекватности современным природоохранным требованиям существенно потеснили более экологичные процессы прямой свинцовой плавки. При всем кажущемся многообразии эти процессы по технической организации можно разделить на два основных типа: плавка в жидкой ванне и взвешенная плавка. Целью настоящей статьи является анализ взаимосвязей технической организации и технологических возможностей процессов прямой свинцовой плавки с объективными природными закономерностями поведения свинца и его соединений и определение роли, которую может играть техническая организация процесса в выборе технологии современного свинцового производства. Рассмотрены особенности технической организации промышленных процессов прямой свинцовой плавки, физико-химические закономерности поведения свинца и его соединений в этих процессах и технологические возможности процессов прямой плавки в отношении качества свинцового сырья, сделан акцент на особенностях и преимуществах разработанного в Казахстане процесса кислородно-взвешенной плавки КИВЦЭТ. Основным выводом представленного анализа является возможность ограничения влияния свойств свинца и его соединений на технологические возможности прямой свинцовой плавки за счет определенной технической организации процесса. Это обстоятельство может быть полезным при выборе технологии получения свинца в случае его интеграции с другими металлургическими производствами и с учетом качества проектного сырья.

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