Polytechnic Institute, North-Eastern State University, Magadan, Russia:

V. V. Kurbatova, Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, vvnika@mail.ru
A. M. Volin, Senior Lecturer
N. E. Lomakina, Senior Lecturer
I. Yu. Garifulina, Senior Lecturer

The research subject is the technology of surveying using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV Phantom 4 Pro RTK) at Dukat deposit. Introduction of UAVs in surveying in open pit mining is a relevant trend of the present day. In accordance with the technical upgrading program, Dukat Mining and Processing Integrated Works got UAV Phantom 4 Pro RTK in June 2021. For the aerial survey data processing, Agisoft Metashape Professional software package was purchased. The vector dynamics of surveying at Dukat deposit included laying of height-control points, D-RTK2 installation, air route planning and acquisition of source data for modeling. Actual surveys used two methods of data processing in transition of coordinates to the local system. After surveying using tacheometer and satellite equipment, surfaces were constructed with cloud point export using AutoCad and Studio RM. During construction of the surfaces, the geometric analogies of their empirical distributions were compared. The UAV-based surface survey is currently a novel and promising area of theoretical research, and also an effective tool of solving many applied problems in mining geodesy. The research findings can be useful in practical activities of mine surveying services.
The authors express special thanks to M. V. Shpagin, Assistant Surveyor at Dukat Mine, and to M. A. Kuzmenkov, Assistant Lecturer at the Geology and Mining Department of the North-Eastern State University for the expert consulting.

1. Burdakov S. F., Markov A. O. Control of low- and medium-overloaded quadcopter. Saint-Petersburg : Izdatelstvo Politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2016. 250 p.
2. Vasilin N. Ya. Unmanned aerial vehicles. Operational, reconnaissance. Minsk : Popurri, 2003. 272 p.
3. Gusev V. N., Blishchenko A. A., Sannikova A. P. Study of a set of factors influencing the error of surveying mine facilities using a geodesic quadcopter. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 254. pp. 173–179.
4. Qingqing Wu, Weidong Mei, Rui Zhang. Safeguarding Wireless Network with UAVs: A Physical Layer Security Perspective. IEEE Wireless Communications. 2019. Vol. 26, Iss. 5. pp. 12–18.
5. Moskovkin L. N., Borisov I. V., Zakharov I. I. Commutation instrumentation of flying machines. Manufacture and equipment. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 1974. 256 p.

6. Gurina T. A. Qualitative methods of differential equations in flying machine control theory. Moscow : Izdatelstvo MAI, 2014. 160 p.
7. Makarov Yu. V. MAI-design flying machines. Essays on history of designs and systems of flying machines. Moscow : Izdatelstvo MAI, 1994. 255 p.
8. Myachkina N. Application field for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the modern world. Proceedings of International Conference of Young Scientists at the Belgorod Shukhov State Technological University. Belgorod : Belgorodskiy gosudarstvennyi tekhnologicheskiy universitet im. V. G. Shukhova, 2017. pp. 4736–4739.
9. Khabarova I. A., Khabarov D. A., Yavorskaya I. D., Ivanov I. N. Review of modern achievements in photogrammetry and aerial photography. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh nauk i tekhnologiy INTEGRAL. 2019. No. 4-2. pp. 15–33.
10. Silvestrov M. M., Koziorov L. M., Ponomarenko V. A. Automation of flying machine control with regard to human factor. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 1986. 184 p.
11. Tkacheva O. A. Land monitoring: specifics and technology. Monitoring. Nauka i tekhnologii. 2016. No. 1(26). pp. 59–64.
12. Esakki Balasubramanian, Sagar N. V. S. S., Udayagiri Chandrasekhar, Sachin Salunkhe. Development of light weight multi-rotor UAV structures through synergistic application of design analysis and fused deposition modelling. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology. 2019. Vol. 59, No. 3. pp. 229–238.
13. Marcin Biczyski, Rabia Sehab, Whidborne J. F., Guillaume Krebs, Patrick Luk. Multirotor Sizing Methodology with Flight Time Estimation. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2020. Vol. 2020. ID 9689604. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9689604
14. Yao-Wei Chin, Jia Ming Kok, Yong-Qiang Zhu, Woei-Leong Chan, Javaan S. Chahl et al. Efficient flapping wing drone arrests high-speed flight using post-stall soaring. Science Robotics. 2020. Vol. 5, No. 44. DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aba2386
15. Kurbatova V. V. Verification of aerial and GNSS surveys of ore warehouses. Marksheyderskiy vestnik. 2021. No. 3(142). pp. 33–37.
16. Kurbatova V. V. Vitality of aerial photography and GNSS surveying of stock dumps. Marksheyderiya i nedropolzovanie. 2021. No. 4(114) . pp. 45–48.
17. Kurbatova V. V. GEOLOGICAL Survey records of ore deposits volumes with use of earth remote sensing (ERS) methods. Marksheyderiya i nedropolzovanie. 2020. No. 5(109). pp. 43–46.