Research Center for Geomechanics and Mining Practice Problems, Saint-Petersburg Mining
University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia:

E. S. Zherlygina, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Zherlygina_ES@pers.spmi.ru
M. G. Mustafin, Head of Department, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
B. Yu. Vasiliev, Post-Graduate Student–Researcher

Apatit’s Division in Kirovsk, Kirovsk, Russia:
R. V. Nikolaev, Chief Surveyor

Surveying of ground and underground movements aims to determine and adjust the displacement parameters, and the type and size of deformation of undermined objects. The authors describe application of digital terrain models to assess movement process parameters as a case-study of Khibiny apatite–nepheline ore mining. The possibility to determine linear parameters of movements in the ground surface area inaccessible using classical methods is illustrated. The source information was the aerial laser scanning data obtained in 2015 to 2020 in Rasvumchorr and Kukisvumchorr Mines. The data were classified using TerraSolid TerraScan tools. Then, the digital terrain models were constructed in Microstation. The further digital modeling of the terrain was carried out in Golden Software’s Surfer with spatial resolution and some spatial interpolation techniques. Using the resultant digital models, the surfaces were constructed in Autodesk AutoCAD. The surfaces were used to draw cross-sections in the coordinate grid in Rhinoceros 6. Over the observation period from 2015 to 2020, by the authors’ opinion, the method of kriging proved to be the best out of the methods tested in Rasvumchorr and Kukisvumchorr Mines. The method of spatial interpolation provided the least scatter of data, the lowest minimum and maximum deviations and the least mean square deviation in the majority of tests. The research findings allow expecting that the described methods can enable safe mining at the minimum time consumption.

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