Navoi State University of Mines and Technologies (Navoi, Republic of Uzbekistan):

Oljaev D. N., Assistant, oljaevdilshod@mail.ru
Nurmurodov T. I., Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, t.nurmurodov@gmail.com
Khurramov N. I., Associate Professor, nava2121@mail.ru
Sharipov S. Sh., Associate Professor, PhD in Technical Sciences, element_2993@mail.ru

This article describes the use of low-grade phosphorites to obtain complex fertilizers by mechanochemical activation with acid salts. A Retsch RM 200 planetary mill was used for activation. The additives included hydrophosphate, dihydrophosphate, ammonium hydrosulfate, and potassium hydrosulfate. Mixed fertilizers with high assimilation of nutrients were obtained in the laboratory work. X-ray, thermogravimetric, and scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted for the resulting fertilizers in order to identify their chemical and mineral composition. A laboratory screening machine was applied to perform a sieve test to establish the particle sizes for the phosphorite ores. The results were used to select the best size fraction for further processing. Nomograms were prepared describing the effects of the ratios of the initial components and the reaction time to the assimilation of phosphorus anhydride; a nomogram was plotted to establish the optimal mechanical activation process parameters for phosphorites and ammonium hydrogen phosphate. Subsamples were mixed to obtain fertilizers based on phosphorite raw materials and nitrogen-containing components NH₄H₂PO₄ and (NH₄)₂HPO₄ for various N : P₂O₅ ratios. Chemical compositions and assimilation rates were established for the resulting fertilizers. A derivatographic analysis of the samples of low-grade phosphorites with the addition of the NH₄H₂PO₄ acid salt has shown that the main mass load is registered in the temperature range of 160 to 1082 °C. Mechanical and mechanochemical activation of a low-grade phosphorite culture of the second layer and acid salts with mixed NP, PK, and NPK fertilizers produced complex fertilizers with the following compositions: 6.12 to 20.21 wt% of P₂O₅ and 27.14 to 29.17 wt% of K₂O.

1. Mozheiko F. F., Potkina T. N., Goncharik I. I. Complex granular fertilizers based on activated phosphorous flour. Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost'. 2007. No. 5. pp. 225–232.
2. Tonsuaadu Kaia, Tiit Kaljuvee, Vilma Petkova, Rainer Traksmaa. Impact of mechanical activation on physical and chemical properties of phosphorite concentrates. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2011. Vol. 100, Iss. 3. pp. 104–109.
3. Chen Wang, Xin-Rong Mo, Chengmin Wang, Hong Gao. Study on structures and leaching property of phosphate ore after mechanical activation. Chemistry for Sustainable Development. 2018. Vol. 26. pp. 471–475.
4. Seitnazarov A. R., Musaeva S. A., Namazov Sh. S., Beglov B. M. Mechanochemical activation of ordinary phosphorite powder of Central Kyzylkum mixed with urea nitrate and ammobium carbonate salts. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2007. Vol. 80, No. 11. pp. 1973–1976.

5. Mikhliev O. A. Mechano-chemical activation of phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum in the presence of oxidized brown coal. EFFLATOUNIA – Multidisciplinary Journal. 2021. Vol. 5, No. 3.
6. Khoshimov A. A., Seytnazarov A. R., Tozhiev R. R., Turdialiev U. M., Nomozov Sh. Yu. Activation of Kyzylkum phosphorite flour in the presence of nitrogen-phosphorussulphur-containing fertilizer — Suprefos-NS. Universum: Tekhnicheskie Nauki. 2021. No. 5. pp. 35–39.
7. Antipov S. V., Sokolov M. T. Mechanochemical activation in manufacture of defluorinated forage phosphate. Zhurnal Prikladnoy Khimii. 2007. Vol. 80, Iss. 1. pp. 20–24.
8. Pat. 06592 UZ.
9. GOST 20851.2-75. Mineral fertilizers. Methods for the determination of phosphates. Moscow: Publishing House of Standards, 1997. 37 p.
10. Ivlev V. I., Fomin N. E., Yudin V. A., Okin M. A., Pankin N. A. Thermal analysis. Pt. 1. Methods of thermal analysis. Saransk: Publishing House of the Mordovian University, 2017. 44 p.
11. Lyman C. E., Goldstein J. I., Williams D. B., Ackland D. W., Vonharrach S., Nicholls A. W., Statham P. J. High-performance X-ray detection in a new analytical electron microscope. Journal of Microscopy. 1994. Vol. 176, Iss. 2. pp. 85–98.
12. Goldstein G. I., Newbury D. E., Echlin P., Joy D. C., Fiori C., Lifshin E. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Repr. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. 673 p.
13. Oljaev D. N., Nurmurodov T. I., Tursunova I. N., Karimova Z. U. Mechanoactivative processing of low-grade phosphorites with acid salts. Universum: Tekhnicheskie Nauki. 2021. No. 9. pp. 9–13.
14. Erkaev A., Oljaev D., Nurmurodov T., Tursunova I., Khurramov N. Mechanical activation of low-grade phosphorites by acid salt and physicochemical investigation of obtained samples. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2022. Vol. 9, Iss. 3. pp. 19133–19136.
15. Oljaev D. N., Nurmurodov T. I., Tursunova I. N. Research of processing of plastic physical activation of lowvalue phosphorites with acid salts. Scientific and Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology. 2021. Vol. 6, Iss. 2. pp. 88–91.
16. Nurtaeva A. K., Nurmurodov T. I. Investigation of the form of phosphorus assimilated by plants in the process of mechanical activation of phosphorites by acid salts. Proc. of the International scientific and practical online conference «Integration of science, education and production — the basis for the implementation of the Plan of the Nation» (Saginovsky Readings No. 13). Karaganda, June 17–18, 2021. pp. 1877–1880.

17. Doniyarov N. A., Asrorov A. A., Murodov I. N. et al. Analysis of possible mechanisms of interaction of microorganisms with rock minerals. Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology. 2020. Vol. 2. pp. 59–66.
18. Balgysheva B. D. Effect of mechanochemical activation on the composition and properties of phosphate ores and obtaining fertilizers based on them. Doklady Natsionalnoy Akademii Nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan. 2006. No. 5. pp. 69–71.
19. Sanakulov K. S., Mukhiddinov B. F., Sharipov S. Sh., Vapoev Kh. M. Analyzing how ions tend to form in the aqueous phase of the slurry and how they affect the bacterial oxidation of sulphide minerals. Tsvetnye Metally. 2022. No. 5. pp. 15–23.
20. Umirov F. E., Shodikulov Zh. M. Scientific and technological principles of the complex use of serpentinite of the Karmaninskoe deposit. Obogashchenie Rud. 2022. No. 1. pp. 41–46.