Scientific Research Geotechnological Center, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

V. A. Iodis, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher1, e-mail: iodisva@mail.ru

In the processing of oxidized, refractory ores, the removal of oxide films from the mineral surface is an important task. Oxide films create a passivating effect leading to the transition of the metal surface into an inactive state, which slows down physical and chemical processes, such as bacterial oxidation process. In order to avoid this effect, it is advisable to act on the surface of the crushed ore with ultrasonic radiation. The analysis of Russian and foreign inventions — technologies of ore processing using ultrasound has shown acceleration of mass transfer in the process of ore leaching, significant intensification of the leaching/oxidation process, increase in the degree of extraction of valuable metals, reduction in the duration of the process as a whole. However, due to the high energy consumption of the ultrasonic treatment process, it is important to determine the optimal value of ultrasonic intensity at which the oxide films are removed from the ore grains, but the grains are not destroyed, not crushed. In this work we calculated the optimum value of ultrasonic vibration intensity capable of removing oxide films from the surface of cobalt-coppernickel sulfide ore particles in order to avoid creating a passivating effect on their surface. As the calculation showed, the optimal value of the ultrasound intensity lies in the range from 17 to 28 W/cm2, at a frequency of ultrasonic vibrations of 22000 Hz.

1. Iodis V. A., Trukhin Yu. P. Development of a Large Flow Cascade Bacterial-Chemical Reactor with Ultrasonic Activation for Bacterial-Chemical Processing of Cobalt-Copper-Nickel Ore. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. No. 11/S19. pp. 136–146.
2. Trukhin Yu. P., Iodis V. A. Development of a Enlarged Flow-Through Cascade Bacterial-Chemical Reactor with Use and Microwave Activation for Bacterial-Chemical Processing of Cobalt-Copper-Nickel Ore. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. No. 11/S19. pp. 147–158.
3. Trukhin Yu. P., Iodis V. A., Khainasova T. S. Microwave and Ultrasound Activation of Kinetics of Bacterial-Chemical Processes of Leaching of Cobalt-Copper-Nickel Ores of the Shanuch Deposit. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. No. 11/S19. pp. 113–123.
4. Akopova K. S. et al. Effect of Preliminary Ultrasonic Treatment of Titanium-Zirconium Sand Minerals on TheirFlota tion Process. Ultrasound’s Application in Mechanical Engineering: Collection of Papers. Moscow: [without a publisher], 1963. pp. 37–39.
5. Kirillov O. D. On the question of the possibility of using ultrasound in the beneficiation mineral processes. Physics and Physico-Chemical Analysis: Collection of Scientific Papers of the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold Named After M. I. Kalinin. 1957. Vol. 30, Iss. 1. pp. 45–65.
6. Shutov V. D., Kats M. Ya., Baranov V. V. Ultrasound’s Application in Mineralogical Analysis of Sedimentary Rocks. Izvestiya AN SSSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya. 1961. No. 4. pp. 45–54.
7. Pat. RU No. 2061066 C1. Int. Cl.6 C22B 3/00, C22B 3/02. Method of Leaching of Metals From Ores and Gear for Its Implementation. Shestakov V. I., Neshkov A. I., Volkov V. P. Appl. 12.05.1993, Publ. 27.05.1996.
8. Pat. RU No. 2308494 C1. Int. Cl. C22B 3/04, C22B 11/08. Method for Extraction of Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals. Terekhin V. P., Pastukhov M. E. Appl. 27.01.2006, Publ. 20.10.2007, Bull. No. 29.
9. Pat. RU No. 2339708 C1. Int. Cl. C22B 3/08. Leaching Method for Products, Containing Metals Sulfides. Panin V. V., Krylova L. N., Seliverstov A. F. Appl. 16.04.2007, Bull. 27.11.2008, Bull. No. 33.
10. Pat. RU No. 2418870 C2. Int. Cl. C22B 3/08, C22B 19/00, C22B 11/00, C22B 3/18. Procedure for Processing Sulphide Mineral Products Using Bacteria for Extraction Of Metals. Krylova L. N., Travnikova O. N., Nazimova M. I., Travnikov V. N. Appl. 12.05.2009, Publ. 20.05.2011, Bull. No. 14.
11. Pat. RU No. 2768928. Int. Cl. C22B 3/08, C22B 15/00, C22B 19/20. Method for Dissolving Metal Sulfides Using Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide. Krylova L. N. Appl. 03.08.2021, Bull. 25.03.2022, Bull. No. 9.
12. Pat. RU No. 2674183 C1. Int. Cl. C22B 3/02, C22B 3/04. Device for Leaching Concentrates of Non-Ferrous, Rare and Rare-Earth Metals. Chanturiya V. A., Chanturiya E. L., Minenko V. G., Samusev A. L. Appl. 05.09.2017, Publ. 05.12.2018, Bull. No. 34.
13. Pat. RU No. 2689487 C1. Int. Cl. C22B 11/00, C22B 3/04. Method Of Extracting Noble Metals From Ores And Concentrates. Sekisov A. G., Khrunina N. P., Prokho rov K. V., Rasskazova A. V. Appl. 28.09.2018, Publ. 28.05.2019, Bull. No. 16.
14. Pat. CN No. 101748285A. Int. Cl. C22B 11/08. Refined gold ore cyaniding and le aching process. Appl. 12.17.2008, Publ. 23.06.2010.
15. Pat. WO No. 2009127018A1. Int. Cl. C22B 3/02, C22B 3/04. Method for Metal Leaching. Mitov S. B., Mas hev B. S., Slavchev D. V., Mishonov I. V., Kanev V. P. Appl. 14.04.2008, Publ. 14.10.2010.
16. P at. CN No. 102676838A. Int. Cl. C22B 11/00, C22B 1/02, C22B 3/04, C22B 3/24. Gold Extraction Method Employing Gold Cyanided Tailing Roasting-Ultrasonic Intensification Thiourea Gold Leaching-Activated Carbon Enrichment. Appl. 24.05.2012, Publ. 19.09.2012.

17. Pat. CN No. 104131160A. Int. Cl. C22B 3/02, C22B 3/12, C22B 11/08. Ultrasonic Intensified Leaching Method for Refractory Gold Ores and Ultrasonic Intensified Gold Leaching Stirrer. Appl. 01.08.2014, Publ. 11.05.2016.
18. Pat. CN No. 107779610A. Int. Cl. C22B 11/00, C22B 1/00, C22B 3/22, C22B 3/12. A Kind of Method and Device of Ultrasonic Combined Stirring Pretreatment Refractory Gold Ore. Appl. 09.10.2017, Publ. 09.03.2018.
19. Pat. CN No. 113718112A. Int. Cl. C22B11/08. Method for Pre-Oxidizing Refractory High-Sulfur Gold O re by Ultrasonic Activation of Persulfate. Appl. 13.09.2021, Publ. 30.11.2021.
20. Pat. US No. 2022/0106665A1. Int. Cl. C22B 11/00, C22B 3/08, C22B 3/42. Recovery of Gold and Silver Values from Feedstocks Usi ng Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Gauthier P., Di Cesare E. Appl. 13.12.2019, Publ. 07.0 4.2022.
21. K hmelev V. N., Leonov G. V., Barsukov R. V., Tsyganok S. N., Shalunov A.V. Ultrasonic Multi-Functional and Specialized Devices for Intensification of Technological Processes in Industry, Agriculture and Household. Biysk: Izdatelstvo Altayskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta, 2007. 400 p.
22. Golykh R. N. Improving the Efficiency of Ultrasonic Cavitation Effects on Chemical and Technological Processes in Heterogeneous Systems with a Carrier High-Viscosity or Non-Newtonian Liquid Phase: a Dissertation … Candidate of Technical Sciences. Мoscow, 2014. 188 p.
23. Yurko A. A., Provorova M. S. Required intensity calculation of ultrasound for crushing calculi of the urinary system. Vestnik KGPU im. Mikhaila Ostogradskogo. 2007. Iss. 6. pp. 53–54.
24. Eremenko V. A., Zhigalkin V. M., Potapov A. V., Atanov V. V. The Study on The Physical and Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Characteristics of Rocks at the Zhdanovsky Mining Field. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2011. No. 4. pp. 133–140.
25. Vorobyova S. V. Geological-structural position of deposits of complex sulfide ores in the junction zone of the Magnitogorsk trough and the East Ural uplift. Vestnik Orenburg State University. 2004. No. 10. pp. 139–142.
26. Khmelev V. N., Kuzovnikov Yu. M., Khmelev M. V. Ultrasonic Devices for Scientific Researches. South-Siberian Scientific Bulletin. 2017. Iss. 1. pp. 5–13.