Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia

E. E. Kameneva, Head of Department, Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, elena.kameneva@mail.ru
E. V. Kamenev, Associate Professor, Candidate of Historical Sciences

The history of extraction and processing of dimension stone in Russia in the 19th century is studied using materials from the journal Gornyi Zhurnal published in 1825–1917. The issues of prospecting and geological exploration of stone deposits are considered. The methods of dimension stone extraction are reviewed. Special attention is paid to drilling and blasting operations. The features of the dimension stone extraction and processing technologies were the use of mainly manual labor and the simplest mechanisms, as well as the use of gunpowder for blasting. The scientific knowledge in the field of dimension stone mining during the period under review was in its infancy. Dimension stone extraction used methods that generally correspond to modern methods, but there was no mechanization of the work. There was a process of accumulation of practical experience in the field of dimension stone extraction, but examples of theoretical comprehension of the accumulated information were rarely found in the articles analyzed by the authors. The studies of rock composition and properties were mainly descriptive, and were characterized by the predominance of qualitative over quantitative characteristics. The drawn conclusions said that rocks fractured under the influence of not only mechanical loads, but also moisture and temperature, which must be taken into account when choosing directions for using dimension stone. In general, the 19^th century can be called a transitional stage in the development of knowledge and technologies in the field of extraction and processing of dimension stone in Russia. The scientific approach based on data verification and analysis coexisted at that time with subjective qualitative assessment of the studied material.

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