Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

V. V. Portnyagina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor, vick_i@mail.ru
S. R. Antonova, Master’s Degree Student

Bentonite clays enjoy wide application in mining, metallurgy, petrochemistry and in manufacture of building materials. A feature of natural bentonites, representing high dispersion layered aluminosilicates, is their ability to structure polymeric composites and to improve thereby their mechanical and service properties. The comparative analysis of the composition and properties of clays from the Kangalas coal mine in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), purified using the developed method, with bentonites from a Khakassia deposit was conducted. The introduction of ECH-based aluminosilicates into rubbers demonstrated a positive effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the latter. However, the tensile strength and breaking elongation of rubbers containing Khakassia bentonites exceed those of rubbers filled with kaolinite clays from the Kangalas open pit. At dosages of up to 3 parts by weight of minerals, the rubber properties in both cases are positive. This effect of modifiers on ECH-based rubbers is confirmed by the existing scientific data on the mechanisms by which various minerals influence rubber properties. The plasticity number calculation places the Kangalas clay in the category of high-plasticity materials. This type of clay forms well, without cracks, has a wide range of moisture content at the preserved plasticity, and contains a large quantity of clayey minerals. Testing of clays from the Kangalas open-pit mine as a modifier for elastomeric sealing composites, which are intended for the use in mining equipment in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), allows a conclusion on the promising nature of this research area.

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