IM UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia:

А. А. Panzhin, Scientific Secretary, C. Eng., e-mail: panzhin@igduran.ru

The article deals with methods of organization of the deformation monitoring of modern geodynamic processes in mining enterprises and urban areas. In this geodynamic processes that accompany the use of mineral resources, have both manmade and natural environment.
The study of modern movements and deformations that occur in the rock massifs requires a monitoring mode precision geodetic measurements of displacement of frames specially equipped monitoring stations — geodynamic polygons. Determining the values of displacements and deformations of the earth’s surface produced by multiple overrides coordinate frames and geometric elements of geodetic networks — especially the lengths and elevations be equipped with monitoring stations.
As a result of periodic measurements made in the monitoring mode, determined by the total spatial displacement of a frame of observation stations, the spatial fluctuations of the field strain and stress tensors, causing these changes. This information, combined with information obtained in the study of process parameters on the displacement of specific fields, allows a high degree of reliability to make geodynamic zonation of the investigated area of the rock mass. The main components of the plane and three-dimensional tensors of earth surface deformation are determined by the difference of the coordinates frame of observation stations, teaching in a different series of monitoring measurements. As a result of instrumental measurements using satellite geodesy systems in a number of deposits in the Urals and Siberia were determined magnitude of displacement vectors of frames. It was found that bias frames observation station in the horizontal plane occur in concert with the direction of the strike of tectonic disturbances.
The use of modern methods of traditional and satellite geodesy to monitor the process of displacement on the earth’s surface mining enterprises and urban areas has allowed research on a qualitatively higher level. Measurements made using modern surveying systems have shown to be highly effective for solving problems of geomechanics, making it possible not only discontinuous measurements, but regular monitoring of strains and stresses occurring in the upper crust — as the underlying rock mass in urban areas, and array, disrupted the influence of largescale mining operations.
The article gives examples of the use of satellite geodesy and complex three-dimensional laser scanning for monitoring the development process of displacement, to obtain the full strain tensor and the three-dimensional models earn the earth’s surface.

The article is made ready on the results of investigations performed within the framework of Federal Purpose Program (FPP) “Scientific and scientific-educational personnel of innovative Russia” GK No. 02.740.11.0722 the UB RAS and SB RAS integration project No. 12-E-5-2050.

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2. Instruktsiya po nablyudeniyam za sdvizheniem zemnoy poverkhnosti i podrabatyvaemymi sooruzheniyami na ugolnykh i slantsevykh mestorozhdeniyakh (The instruction on supervision for displacement a terrestrial surface and earned additionally constructions on coal and slate deposits). Moscow, 1989.
3. Instruktsiya po nablyudeniyam za sdvizheniem gornykh porod i zemnoy poverkhnosti pri pozemnoy razrabotke rudnykh mestorozhdeniy (The instruction on supervision for displacement rocks and a terrestrial surface at the underground mining of ore deposits). Moscow, 1988.
4. Panzhin A. A. Issledovanie sdvizheni zemnoy poverkhnosti pri razrabotke mestorozhdeniy s primeneniem ploshchadnykh instrumentalnykh metodov (Research of displacement a terrestrial surface by working out of deposits with application of the vulgar tool methods). Izvestiya vuzov. Gornyi zhurnal — Universities. Mining Journal, 2009, No. 2.
5. Panzhin A. A. Rekonstruktsiya opornogo marksheyderskogo obosnovaniya na gornykh predpriyatiyakh s primeneniem kompleksov sputnikovoy geodezii (Reconstruction basic surveying substantiations at the mountain enterprises with application of a satellite geodesy). GIAB — Mining Informational-Analytical Bulletin, 2005, No. 4.
6. Panzhin A. A. Rol tektonicheskikh narusheniy v protsesse sdvizheniya na rudnikah Vysokogorskogo GOKa (Role of tectonic infringements in process of shifting on mines of Vysokogorsky MSP). GIAB — Mining Informational-Analytic Bulletin, 2005, No. 4.